Dental professionals are raising alarms about the potential oral health risks associated with marijuana use. According to Ellyce Clonan, a clinical assistant professor at the University at Buffalo School of Dental Medicine, many patients admit to using marijuana before dental appointments to alleviate anxiety. Clonan notes, “I can smell it on them, and then there’s the red eyes and dry mouth.” While some patients may seek comfort in cannabis, they often overlook the significant dangers it poses to their dental health.
Research indicates that regular marijuana use is linked to increased risks of various oral health issues. A recent analysis shows that users face a 55% greater risk of developing cavities, a 41% increased likelihood of tooth loss, and a threefold increase in the risk of mouth cancers. These findings challenge the common perception that tobacco is the sole culprit for such health concerns.
A study published in July 2023, which analyzed hospital records in California, found that individuals with cannabis use disorder—defined as daily usage that is difficult to cease—were more than three times more likely to develop cancers of the lip and tongue within five years. Study author Raphael Cuomo, a biomedical scientist at the University of California, San Diego, stated, “Our analyses suggest that cannabis exposure itself impacts the risk of oral cancer.” This correlation may be due to the effects of tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), the psychoactive component of marijuana, which could suppress immune responses in the mouth and nasal tissues exposed to smoke.
In addition to THC, marijuana smoke contains harmful compounds similar to those found in tobacco smoke. According to Cuomo, ammonia levels in marijuana smoke can be as much as twenty times higher than those in tobacco. The presence of hydrogen cyanide, a toxic substance used in fumigation, alongside potentially carcinogenic organic compounds, further raises health concerns.
The implications of marijuana use extend beyond just cancer risk. Clonan’s research has demonstrated that patients who smoke marijuana are at a higher risk for cavities and tooth loss. “You’re putting fire directly in your mouth,” she remarked, emphasizing the dangers of inhaling burning materials. While the effects of cannabis edibles on oral health remain unexplored, Clonan urges caution.
Risks Associated with Anesthesia and Oral Health
Marijuana use can also complicate dental procedures. Clonan highlights that individuals who use cannabis may require more anesthesia than non-users, leading to potential complications during and after dental treatments. Research indicates that patients who consume marijuana on the day of surgery may experience heightened pain and increased complications.
Furthermore, marijuana can have adverse effects on cardiovascular health. Studies indicate that cannabis use can double the risk of heart disease, even among young, healthy individuals. “Marijuana has been shown to increase blood pressure and heart rate,” Clonan says, which can pose additional risks when combined with local anesthetics that contain epinephrine. This component is often included in dental numbing solutions to control bleeding and prolong numbness.
Dr. Austin Le, an orthodontist and assistant research scientist at New York University Langone Health, also expresses concerns regarding administering anesthesia to patients under the influence. He warns about the potential for adverse drug interactions and the risk of medical emergencies during treatment.
Impact of Cannabis on Dental Hygiene
The behaviors associated with cannabis use can further exacerbate dental issues. According to Dr. Le, users often indulge in sugary snacks during the “munchies,” which can significantly increase the likelihood of cavities. “Marijuana can also make people more lethargic and less likely to floss or brush their teeth regularly,” he explained.
The drying effect of marijuana can inhibit saliva production, which is crucial for maintaining oral health. Clonan points out, “When the mouth gets really dry, it limits the buffering capacity of saliva.” Saliva plays a vital role in washing away plaque and food particles, preventing cavities and gum disease.
Despite these risks, many individuals remain unaware of the potential dangers associated with marijuana use before visiting the dentist. Clonan suggests that dental professionals include questions about cannabis use in patient intake forms to better understand their patients’ habits. “We want you to tell us if you use so you can be safe when you visit us,” she stated, advocating for transparency to ensure patient safety.
In conclusion, while some may view marijuana as a harmless means of relaxation, its implications for oral health are increasingly evident. Dental professionals are calling for greater awareness and education to mitigate the risks associated with cannabis use, emphasizing the importance of maintaining good oral hygiene and regular dental visits.
