A recent review by researchers from the Universities of Birmingham and Oxford suggests that nitrous oxide, commonly known as laughing gas, could provide rapid relief for individuals suffering from major depressive disorder. This finding is particularly significant for those who have not responded to conventional treatments, both pharmacological and non-pharmacological.
The study, set to be published in eBioMedicine, compiled data from seven clinical trials involving a total of 247 participants. In these trials, volunteers inhaled either 25 percent or 50 percent nitrous oxide, while control groups received placebos. Notably, the higher dosage of 50 percent demonstrated more effective results, although it was accompanied by undesirable side effects such as nausea, headaches, and an uncomfortable sensation described by participants as out-of-body.
Despite these side effects, the results showed a substantial reduction in depressive symptoms within just two hours after inhalation. However, this relief was temporary; symptoms typically returned within a week unless the treatment was repeated. The swift impact of nitrous oxide places it alongside ketamine, another treatment known for its fast-acting properties, though both treatments carry risks of adverse effects when used excessively.
Researchers are investigating the mechanisms behind nitrous oxide’s effectiveness in treating depression. They hypothesize that it may reduce the activity of the brain’s glutamatergic system, a network involved in neural communication that has been recognized as critical in the pathophysiology of depression. Additionally, nitrous oxide is believed to enhance blood flow, which could improve the brain’s nutrient cycling and assist in clearing out neurotoxins.
While the findings are promising, researchers urge caution, emphasizing that the understanding of nitrous oxide’s effects on depression is still in its infancy. More comprehensive studies are necessary before mental health professionals can consider recommending nitrous oxide as a treatment option for severe depression.
As this research progresses, it opens new avenues for exploring alternative treatments for depression, potentially offering hope to those who have exhausted traditional options.
