The University of Hawaii has embarked on a significant advancement in astronomical observation with the launch of initial science operations for its new robotic laser adaptive optics system, known as Robo-AO-2. This innovative system aims to improve the clarity of space images by correcting the distortion caused by Earth’s atmosphere, allowing astronomers to capture sharp images of hundreds of celestial objects nightly with minimal human intervention.
Led by Christoph Baranec, an esteemed astronomer at the University of Hawaii Institute for Astronomy (IfA), Robo-AO-2 represents a culmination of years of engineering and technological development. “Making Robo-AO-2 operational represents years of dedicated engineering and innovation,” Baranec stated. “This system demonstrates how University of Hawaii facilities continue to pioneer technologies that eventually make their way to the world’s largest telescopes and space missions.”
Celestial Events Highlight December Skies
December brings exceptional opportunities for skywatchers, highlighted by the Geminids meteor shower. This annual event is considered one of the year’s most spectacular meteor showers, peaking overnight on December 13 and into the early hours of December 14. During this peak, observers may witness up to 120 meteors per hour radiating from the constellation Gemini. Unlike most meteor showers that originate from comets, the Geminids stem from the asteroid 3200 Phaethon.
The winter solstice on December 21 will also occur, marking the shortest day and longest night of the year in the Northern Hemisphere. Following this date, daylight will gradually increase, providing more hours for evening sky observations.
As December nights stretch longer, two notable star families, Kalupeakawelo and Makali‘i, will illuminate the sky. Kalupeakawelo, known as the Kite of Kawelo, will be prominently visible in the early evening sky. This star line, a vital part of the Polynesian navigational system, is highlighted by the Great Square of Pegasus, symbolizing the kite soaring overhead. Surrounding it are the W-shaped constellation of ‘Iwakeli‘i (Cassiopeia) and the houselike Kamo‘i (Cepheus) to the north.
According to Hawaiian legend, Kawelo, a chief from Kauai, showcased his extraordinary skills in a kite-flying contest, which left spectators in awe. The Kalupeakawelo constellation serves as a reminder of Kawelo’s ingenuity and the ancestral knowledge passed down through the stars.
Exploring the Evening and Morning Skies
Rising higher in the eastern sky, the Makali‘i star cluster, also known as the Pleiades, is a stunning collection of blue stars deeply embedded in Hawaiian culture. This cluster signifies the arrival of the Makahiki season, a time dedicated to peace, rest, and harvest. Observers can catch a glimpse of Makali‘i shortly after sunset as it climbs steadily through the night sky.
Adding to the celestial spectacle, both Saturn and Jupiter will shine brightly in the southern sky. Saturn’s iconic rings can be seen through telescopes, while Jupiter, being the brighter of the two gas giants, is easily visible to the naked eye. Stargazers equipped with binoculars can spot Jupiter’s four largest moons—Io, Europa, Ganymede, and Callisto—first observed by Galileo in 1610.
For early risers, the constellation Ka‘iwikuamo‘o will return to the predawn sky, rising in the southeast about an hour before sunrise. This constellation holds significant cultural importance, as it guided navigators from the southern islands to Hawaii.
The ‘Imiloa Astronomy Center of Hawaii, located at the University of Hawaii at Hilo, serves as a hub for informal science education, showcasing the intertwined journeys of astronomy and Hawaiian culture.
As the University of Hawaii continues to innovate with systems like Robo-AO-2, the future of astronomical observation looks promising, offering both scientists and enthusiasts alike the chance to explore the wonders of the universe.
