UPDATE: The Kilauea volcano in Hawaii has entered a critical phase of high lava fountaining, following a unique eruption that began on December 23, 2024. This event, marked by stunning lava fountains soaring up to 460 meters (1,500 feet), has continued to captivate visitors while also raising urgent safety concerns.
Officials from the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) confirm that this ongoing eruption is characterized by intense and unpredictable activity. The latest observations reveal that the eruption is currently paused but shows intermittent glow at the south vent, indicating the possibility of another explosive episode. Forecasts suggest that Episode 39 could begin as early as December 22 to December 27, 2025.
What makes this eruption extraordinary is not just its scale but the technology enabling real-time monitoring. Thanks to advancements in satellite observations and dense monitoring networks, the Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO) can now document these high fountaining events in unprecedented detail. This capability is crucial, as it allows scientists to provide timely forecasts and understand how rapidly hazards can escalate.
The current eruption has already reshaped the landscape around Halemaʻumaʻu crater. The ground has been uplifted by 68 meters (223 feet), and a new 140-foot (42 meters) tall hill has formed on the northwest rim. However, the dangers remain severe. The recent Episode 38, which lasted for 12 hours on December 6, 2025, illustrated how quickly conditions can change. It began with balanced fountaining but intensified as the south vent became dominant, producing inclined fountains over 300 meters (1,000 feet) tall.
This unpredictable nature of volcanic eruptions poses serious risks to the public. HVO officials emphasize that life-threatening hazards exist in areas of Hawaii Volcanoes National Park that are currently closed to visitors. The extent of danger fluctuates based on the vent activity and wind conditions, which can carry hot tephra and volcanic glass over significant distances.
As the eruption continues, HVO staff are tirelessly monitoring Kilauea’s activity. They are conducting fieldwork under challenging conditions, including navigating through thick tephra deposits to maintain monitoring stations. Geologists are measuring tephra thickness and collecting samples to better understand the ongoing eruption’s evolution.
The emotional impact of this natural phenomenon is profound. Visitors to Hawaii Volcanoes National Park are witnessing a once-in-a-lifetime opportunity to experience the raw power and breathtaking beauty of these volcanic eruptions. However, as the situation develops, it is crucial for everyone to adhere to safety guidelines issued by park officials.
The USGS currently maintains a WATCH level for Kilauea, while neighboring Mauna Loa remains at NORMAL alert status. No earthquakes have been reported in the Hawaiian Islands in the past week, but the potential for significant volcanic activity looms large.
Stay tuned for further updates from HVO, and remember that the safety of visitors is the top priority. For more information, visit the HVO website or contact them directly with any inquiries at [email protected]. The unfolding events at Kilauea are not just a scientific curiosity but a powerful reminder of nature’s unpredictability and beauty.
